Thyroid cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the thyroid gland. When these cells grow uncontrollably, they can form tumors that may interfere with the gland’s normal function.
In many cases, the cause of thyroid cancer is not fully understood. However, there are several risk factors which have been identified.
Key among these include a history of radiation exposure during childhood, a family history of thyroid issues, and certain genetic conditions. Thyroid cancer is usually detected during routine checkups or when symptoms are observed.
Early diagnosis is key to finding successful thyroid cancer treatment option in Singapore. That is why medical specialists like otolaryngologists recommend that anyone noticing unusual neck changes seek specialized assessments from specialists.
On this page, we will explain to you what thyroid cancer is, how quickly it can spread, the various treatment approaches, and whether it is possible to survive thyroid cancer without surgery. Let’s begin!
How Quickly Does Thyroid Cancer Spread?
If you suspect that you may be at risk of thyroid cancer, you may be itching to ask; how quickly does thyroid cancer spread? Here’s what you need to know;
The rate at which thyroid cancer spreads can vary significantly from one person to another. In many cases, thyroid cancer is known for its slow growth and slow spread to nearby lymph nodes. For instance, the most common type, papillary thyroid cancer, typically grows slowly and may remain confined to the thyroid gland for years before affecting other tissues.
However, not all thyroid cancers behave the same way. More aggressive types, such as anaplastic thyroid cancer, are known for rapid progression and early spread to distant organs.
Several factors determine how quickly the cancer may spread. Key among these factors include your age, overall health, and the specific subtype of thyroid cancer you have.
Younger patients often experience a slower progression. On the contrary, older persons might face a more aggressive disease course.
The presence of genetic mutations or a history of significant radiation exposure can also accelerate the process. Early detection through routine screening or evaluation of symptoms significantly improves the chances of catching the disease before it advances.
How Is Thyroid Cancer Treated?
Treatment for thyroid cancer depends on the type, size, and extent of the tumor, as well as your overall health. There are several treatment approaches for thyroid cancer in Singapore. Below is a quick summary of the most notable approaches:
- Surgery: Surgery typically involves the removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. In most cases, a thyroidectomy, which is the removal of the entire gland, is performed to eliminate cancerous cells. The surgical procedure also often includes the removal of nearby lymph nodes if there is evidence of spread. This approach is effective in reducing the risk of recurrence. It also provides valuable diagnostic information through tissue analysis. Post-surgery, you may need lifelong thyroid hormone replacement to maintain normal metabolism.
- Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Radioactive iodine therapy is frequently used after surgery. This treatment uses a small dose of radioactive iodine that is absorbed by any remaining thyroid cells. The radiation destroys these cells without harming most other tissues in the body. It is particularly effective for papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. Patients are usually given a special diet before treatment to improve the uptake of the iodine. This method helps reduce the risk of cancer recurrence by eliminating microscopic residual disease.
- Thyroid Hormone Therapy: Thyroid hormone therapy plays a dual role in thyroid cancer treatment. It helps replace the hormones normally produced by the thyroid gland, which may be lost after surgery. It also suppresses the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which can fuel the growth of any remaining cancer cells. The therapy involves taking a daily pill to maintain consistent hormone levels. This approach is tailored to each patient based on their specific hormone levels and needs. It is an important part of the long-term management plan after initial treatment.
- Targeted Drug Therapy: Targeted drug therapy is used in cases where thyroid cancer has advanced or does not respond to standard treatments. These drugs are designed to attack specific molecules that drive cancer growth. They work by interfering with the pathways that encourage tumor proliferation and survival. Targeted therapies are generally administered orally and may be used in combination with other treatments. This approach can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression, especially in patients with advanced thyroid cancer.
- External Beam Radiation Therapy: External beam radiation therapy is an option for patients who cannot undergo surgery or for those with advanced disease. This treatment uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells in the thyroid region. It is typically used when surgery is not feasible or when there is a high risk of recurrence. The therapy is carefully planned to minimize exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. It can be an effective adjunct to other treatment modalities, helping to control localized disease and reduce symptoms. Patients usually undergo several sessions, each carefully administered to maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects.
Can You Survive Thyroid Cancer Without Surgery?
The role of surgery in thyroid cancer treatment is widely recognized. However, the question remains: can you survive thyroid cancer without surgery?
In some cases, non-surgical approaches are considered, particularly for patients with very small, low-risk cancers. These patients might be candidates for active surveillance, where the tumor is monitored closely without immediate intervention.
Active surveillance involves regular check-ups and imaging studies to ensure the cancer does not progress. This strategy is sometimes chosen for patients who are elderly or have other health conditions that increase surgical risk.
For many patients, however, surgery remains the gold standard for treatment. Removing the thyroid gland reduces the burden of cancer and can prevent potential spread to lymph nodes and distant sites.
In cases where surgery is not performed, other treatments such as radioactive iodine therapy, thyroid hormone suppression, and targeted drug therapy may be used. These treatments aim to control the disease and prevent progression.
It’s a Wrap
There are several approaches to thyroid cancer treatment in Singapore. The best treatment for you will depend on the type and progression of the disease.
Surgery remains a key treatment component for many people, but alternative treatments can be effective in selected cases. If you or a loved one is facing thyroid cancer, seek early intervention and a personalized treatment for the best outcomes.
For more expert guidance on thyroid cancer treatment, please contact our specialized clinic today. Call or visit us today for a comprehensive consultation and personalized care.
