Glaucoma can be defined as a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. This is the part of the eye responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain.
The damage to the optic nerve usually occurs as a result of increased pressure inside the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP). However, glaucoma can also occur even when the eye pressure is normal.
This is why sometimes it is difficult to detect and treat glaucoma in a timely manner as needed. The optic nerve consists of millions of nerve fibers that connect the retina to the brain.
When IOP builds up, it places stress on these delicate fibers which leads to gradual damage. Over time, this damage can result in vision loss or even complete blindness if left untreated. The main causes of glaucoma include:
- Impaired fluid drainage: The eye constantly produces a fluid called aqueous humor, which normally drains through a channel. If this drainage system becomes blocked or doesn’t function properly, it can increase IOP.
- Genetics: If glaucoma runs in your family, your chances of developing it are significantly higher. You will need regular check-ups to catch it early before it causes significant damage.
- Age: Anyone can develop glaucoma. However, the risk for this condition increases notably after 40, with age-related changes in the eyes being a key factor.
- Other health conditions: Chronic illnesses like diabetes and high blood pressure, as well as severe nearsightedness, are linked to a greater likelihood of glaucoma. You will need careful monitoring to prevent vision loss if you live with such chronic illnesses.
Can Glaucoma Be Stopped if Caught Early?
Glaucoma cannot be cured, but if detected early, its progression can often be slowed or stopped. This makes early diagnosis crucial for preserving vision. While damage to the optic nerve is irreversible, proper management can prevent further deterioration.
Early treatment focuses on controlling IOP, as it is the most significant risk factor for optic nerve damage. The lower the IOP, the less likely the disease will progress. When looking for treatment for glaucoma in Singapore, you may be recommended;
- Prescription eye drops to reduce eye pressure by decreasing fluid production or improving fluid drainage. These are highly effective when used consistently and as prescribed.
- Laser therapy. Procedures like selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) can enhance fluid drainage from the eye and reduce IOP.
- For advanced cases or when other treatments fail, surgeries like trabeculectomy or minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) can create new drainage pathways for the fluid.
Catching glaucoma early also means establishing a lifelong care plan. Regular check-ups, adherence to prescribed treatments, and lifestyle adjustments can help minimize the risk of further damage.
What is usually the First Sign of Glaucoma?
The early signs of glaucoma are subtle and can vary depending on the type of glaucoma. Many people may not notice symptoms until the condition has already advanced. However here are some changes that may indicate glaucoma;
Open-Angle Glaucoma (The Most Common Type)
This type of glaucoma develops gradually and is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it progresses without noticeable symptoms. Early warning signs include:
- Peripheral vision loss: One of the first noticeable signs is difficulty seeing objects to the side while looking straight ahead. This can be subtle and easy to miss initially.
- Difficulty adjusting to low light: You may find it harder to see clearly in dim lighting. For example you may struggle with vision during dusk or in dark rooms.
- Blurred vision: Many people with glaucoma often report intermittent or persistent blurry vision. Especially in one eye, this can signal early optic nerve damage.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma (Less Common but More Acute)
Angle-closure glaucoma can develop rapidly and requires immediate medical attention. The first signs often include:
- Severe pain around the eyes, sometimes accompanied by headaches or nausea, is a key indicator of this type.
- Vision can become hazy or foggy without warning.
- Bright lights may appear to have rainbow-like halos surrounding them.
- Inflamed, bloodshot eyes which can indicate a sudden increase in IOP.
Normal-Tension Glaucoma
This type of glaucoma occurs without increased eye pressure but still leads to optic nerve damage. Early signs may include:
- Mild peripheral vision loss. Just like open-angle glaucoma, the earliest changes occur in your field of vision.
- Visual distortions where images may appear warped or slightly off-center.
For glaucoma, if you notice any of these signs, consult an eye specialist promptly. Glaucoma’s early symptoms may be mistaken for other eye conditions, but an accurate diagnosis can save your vision. You will want to see an eye doctor who specializes in glaucoma for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
What Kind of Doctor is best for Glaucoma?
The best doctor for diagnosing and treating glaucoma in Singapore is an ophthalmologist, a specialist in eye diseases. In Singapore, many ophthalmologists are experienced in managing glaucoma and can provide comprehensive care, including advanced diagnostics and treatments. When referred to an ophthalmologist for glaucoma in Singapore, you can expect them to help with;
- Diagnosis: They perform detailed eye exams, including tonometry (measuring IOP), gonioscopy (examining drainage angles), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess optic nerve health.
- Treatment: Ophthalmologists prescribe medications, and perform laser therapies. Depending on your unique needs, they can also conduct surgeries tailored to the stage and type of glaucoma.
- Monitoring: Regular follow-ups are essential for tracking glaucoma progression. A skilled ophthalmologist for glaucoma in Singapore may recommend adjusting treatment plans as needed.
In Closing
Glaucoma may be a serious condition, but early detection can help protect your vision. If you can recognize the signs, and are worried, be sure to seek timely care from a qualified doctor. In Singapore, you can easily access modern treatments and find experienced specialists who can help you manage this silent sight thief effectively.
Don’t wait for vision loss to occur. If you’re experiencing any early signs of glaucoma or have a family history, schedule a comprehensive eye exam with a specialist in Singapore today. Book an appointment now at;
Chelvin Sng Eye Centre – Glaucoma | Cataract Surgery | Retina Specialist | Ophthalmologist Singapore
38 IRRAWADDY ROAD MT ELIZABETH NOVENA SPECIALIST CENTRE,
#06-25, Singapore 329563
+65 6334 2282